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dc.contributor.authorHopwood, Penelope
dc.contributor.authorLee, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorShenton, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorBaildam, Andrew D
dc.contributor.authorBrain, Anne
dc.contributor.authorLalloo, Fiona
dc.contributor.authorEvans, D Gareth R
dc.contributor.authorHowell, Anthony
dc.date.accessioned2009-11-19T15:18:04Z
dc.date.available2009-11-19T15:18:04Z
dc.date.issued2009-11-19T15:18:04Z
dc.identifier.citationClinical follow-up after bilateral risk reducing ('prophylactic') mastectomy: mental health and body image outcomes., 9 (6):462-72 Psychooncologyen
dc.identifier.issn1057-9249
dc.identifier.pmid11180581
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/1099-1611(200011/12)9:6<462::AID-PON485>3.0.CO;2-J
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10541/86472
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: In Manchester, approximately 120 women at > or = 1:4 lifetime risk of breast cancer have considered preventative surgery since 1992. Women treated within the Manchester protocol receive two genetic counselling sessions, a psychological assessment and a surgical consultation pre-operatively and annual follow-up post-operatively. The vast majority of women have breast reconstruction. METHODS: Since 1996, mental health and body image have been assessed in women attending annual follow-up using self-report questionnaires: the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 10-item Body Image Scale (BIS). Women with high scores are assessed by clinical interview together with a proportion who have no significant problems. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 1999, 76 women completed surgery. Ten were awaiting post-operative review and 60 (91%) attended for follow-up of whom 45 (75%) were interviewed. Questionnaire data were available for 52 (79%) women, mean age 40.8 years (range 27-58). Six women were gene mutation carriers and of these three had had breast cancer. One additional patient was affected but had not been genetically tested. Eight (17%) of 47 women with assessments in the first post-operative year scored in the 'caseness' range on the GHQ: the mean GHQ score was 3.8 (S.D. 6.7), range 0-25. Results were comparable with those for women attending the Family History Clinic for risk assessment. The mean score on the BIS was 5.1 (S.D. 5.5), range 0-25, comparable with scores for women undergoing conservative surgery for breast cancer. Twenty-one percent of women reported no negative change in body image following surgery (i.e. zero questionnaire summary scores) and the majority of changes reported were of minor degree (item scores 0 or 1). The most frequently reported changes were in sexual attractiveness (55%), feeling less physically attractive (53%) and self-consciousness about appearance (53%): a third of women felt less feminine to a minimal degree. These results appeared stable over time. A minority of women had more serious psychological or body image concerns, usually in relation to surgical complications: they received further psychiatric intervention. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority of women there is no evidence of significant mental health or body image problems in the first 3 years following Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (BPM), but women who have complications warrant additional psychological help. Careful pre-operative preparation and long-term monitoring are advocated in this new field of cancer prevention.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.subjectBreast Canceren
dc.subjectSecond Primary Canceren
dc.subject.meshAdult
dc.subject.meshBody Image
dc.subject.meshBreast Neoplasms
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshFollow-Up Studies
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMastectomy
dc.subject.meshMental Health
dc.subject.meshMiddle Aged
dc.subject.meshNeoplasms, Second Primary
dc.subject.meshPostoperative Complications
dc.subject.meshRisk Factors
dc.titleClinical follow-up after bilateral risk reducing ('prophylactic') mastectomy: mental health and body image outcomes.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.contributor.departmentThe CRC Psychological Medicine Group, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK. penelope.hopwood@man.ac.uken
dc.identifier.journalPsycho-Oncologyen
html.description.abstractBACKGROUND: In Manchester, approximately 120 women at > or = 1:4 lifetime risk of breast cancer have considered preventative surgery since 1992. Women treated within the Manchester protocol receive two genetic counselling sessions, a psychological assessment and a surgical consultation pre-operatively and annual follow-up post-operatively. The vast majority of women have breast reconstruction. METHODS: Since 1996, mental health and body image have been assessed in women attending annual follow-up using self-report questionnaires: the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 10-item Body Image Scale (BIS). Women with high scores are assessed by clinical interview together with a proportion who have no significant problems. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 1999, 76 women completed surgery. Ten were awaiting post-operative review and 60 (91%) attended for follow-up of whom 45 (75%) were interviewed. Questionnaire data were available for 52 (79%) women, mean age 40.8 years (range 27-58). Six women were gene mutation carriers and of these three had had breast cancer. One additional patient was affected but had not been genetically tested. Eight (17%) of 47 women with assessments in the first post-operative year scored in the 'caseness' range on the GHQ: the mean GHQ score was 3.8 (S.D. 6.7), range 0-25. Results were comparable with those for women attending the Family History Clinic for risk assessment. The mean score on the BIS was 5.1 (S.D. 5.5), range 0-25, comparable with scores for women undergoing conservative surgery for breast cancer. Twenty-one percent of women reported no negative change in body image following surgery (i.e. zero questionnaire summary scores) and the majority of changes reported were of minor degree (item scores 0 or 1). The most frequently reported changes were in sexual attractiveness (55%), feeling less physically attractive (53%) and self-consciousness about appearance (53%): a third of women felt less feminine to a minimal degree. These results appeared stable over time. A minority of women had more serious psychological or body image concerns, usually in relation to surgical complications: they received further psychiatric intervention. CONCLUSIONS: For the majority of women there is no evidence of significant mental health or body image problems in the first 3 years following Bilateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (BPM), but women who have complications warrant additional psychological help. Careful pre-operative preparation and long-term monitoring are advocated in this new field of cancer prevention.


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