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    Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test: a critical literature review.

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    Authors
    Craven, Olive
    Affiliation
    Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Withington, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. olive@holmefield.worldonline.co.uk
    Issue Date
    2001-12
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem whose outcome is crucially dependent on the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. Consequently, early detection of CRC by mass population screening is the subject of much international research and debate. A critical literature review was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of faecal occult blood (FOB) testing in CRC screening. Four issues were addressed: an appraisal of available FOB tests, their impact on CRC mortality, the appropriate screening interval and the factors influencing public compliance with FOB screening. A computerized literature search was conducted, supplemented by cross-referencing and hand searching. Forty studies which fulfilled pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were appraised. A thorough assessment of methodology, combined with an applied hierarchy of evidence, resulted in the selection of 22 studies for review. The evidence from this review is that no single (currently used) FOB test provides optimal screening performance, that biennial FOB screening reduces CRC mortality by between 6-18%, that there is a small advantage in annual screening and that better dissemination of information can improve compliance rates. An appreciation of the current evidence and issues surrounding CRC screening is important to nurses in their capacity as health promoters and educators. Definitive answers to many important questions regarding FOB screening for CRC do not currently exist. Before the concept of a national screening programme could be supported, further research is needed, the key elements of which must include the assessment of more sensitive and specific FOB tests and the promotion of population compliance.
    Citation
    Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test: a critical literature review. 2001, 5 (4):234-43 Eur J Oncol Nurs
    Journal
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/82447
    DOI
    10.1054/ejon.2001.0137
    PubMed ID
    12849620
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1462-3889
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1054/ejon.2001.0137
    Scopus Count
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