Risk communication strategies: state of the art and effectiveness in the context of cancer genetic services.
Affiliation
1INSERM U379, Epidemiology and Social Sciences Applied to Medical Innovation, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France. julian@marseille.inserm.frIssue Date
2003-10
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The objective of this paper is first to describe the different strategies used to communicate risks to patients in the field of cancer or genetics, to review their effectiveness, and to summarise the state of the art of this practice in particular, in cancer genetics. The target audience is health care professionals involved in the communication of cancer risks, and genetic risks of breast/ovarian or colorectal cancer in particular. The methods include a review of the literature (Medline, Pascal, PsycInfo, Embase) by a panel of researchers and clinicians (cancer geneticists, epidemiologists, health psychologists, sociologists) in the context of a European Project on risk communication. We highlight practices that have been shown to be effective in the context of health psychology research and those being still under consideration for use in routine practice. In conclusion, this paper adds clinical relevance to the research evidence. We propose specific steps that could be integrated in standard clinical practice based on current evidence for their usefulness/effectiveness.Citation
Risk communication strategies: state of the art and effectiveness in the context of cancer genetic services. 2003, 11 (10):725-36 Eur. J. Hum. Genet.Journal
European Journal of Human GeneticsDOI
10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201037PubMed ID
14512961Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1018-4813ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201037
Scopus Count
Collections
Related articles
- Psychosocial impact of the lack of information given at referral about familial risk for cancer.
- Authors: Metcalfe A, Werrett J, Burgess L, Clifford C
- Issue date: 2007 May
- Cancer genetics in primary care.
- Authors: Culler D, Grimes SJ, Acheson LS, Wiesner GL
- Issue date: 2004 Sep
- A literature review of the psychological impact of genetic testing on breast cancer patients.
- Authors: Schlich-Bakker KJ, ten Kroode HF, Ausems MG
- Issue date: 2006 Jul
- Genetics and the multidisciplinary breast center.
- Authors: Peters JA, Rubinstein WS
- Issue date: 2000 Apr
- Genetic testing for hereditary cancers: the impact of gender on interest, uptake and ethical considerations.
- Authors: d'Agincourt-Canning L, Baird P
- Issue date: 2006 May
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
AZD8186 study 1: phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and preliminary anti-tumour activity of AZD8186 in patients with advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), squamous non-small cell lung cancer, triple negative breast cancer and with PTEN-deficient/mutated or PIK3CB mutated/amplified malignancies, as monotherapy and in combination with vistusertib (AZD2014) or abiraterone acetate.Lillian, S; De Bono, J; Higano, C; Shapiro, G; Brugger, W; Mitchell, P; Colebrook, S; Klinowska, T; Barry, S; Dean, Emma J; et al. (2016-12)
-
Mitochondrial oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives lactate production, promoting breast cancer tumor growth: understanding the aging and cancer connection.Balliet, R M; Capparelli, C; Guido, C; Pestell, T G; Martinez-Outschoorn, U E; Lin, Z; Whitaker-Menezes, D; Chiavarina, B; Pestell, R G; Howell, Anthony; et al. (2011-12-01)Increasing chronological age is the most significant risk factor for cancer. Recently, we proposed a new paradigm for understanding the role of the aging and the tumor microenvironment in cancer onset. In this model, cancer cells induce oxidative stress in adjacent stromal fibroblasts. This, in turn, causes several changes in the phenotype of the fibroblast including mitochondrial dysfunction, hydrogen peroxide production, and aerobic glycolysis, resulting in high levels of L-lactate production. L-lactate is then transferred from these glycolytic fibroblasts to adjacent epithelial cancer cells and used as "fuel" for oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we created a new pre-clinical model system to directly test this hypothesis experimentally. To synthetically generate glycolytic fibroblasts, we genetically-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by knocking down TFAM using an sh-RNA approach. TFAM is mitochondrial transcription factor A, which is important in functionally maintaining the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Interestingly, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, with the loss of certain mitochondrial respiratory chain components, and the over-production of hydrogen peroxide and L-lactate. Thus, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts underwent metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. Most importantly, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts significantly promoted tumor growth, as assayed using a human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenograft model. These increases in glycolytic fibroblast driven tumor growth were independent of tumor angiogenesis. Mechanistically, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts increased the mitochondrial activity of adjacent epithelial cancer cells in a co-culture system, as seen using MitoTracker. Finally, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts also showed a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a known breast cancer stromal biomarker. Loss of stromal fibroblast Cav-1 is associated with early tumor recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure, resulting in poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Thus, this new experimental model system, employing glycolytic fibroblasts, may be highly clinically relevant. These studies also have implications for understanding the role of hydrogen peroxide production in oxidative damage and "host cell aging," in providing a permissive metabolic microenvironment for promoting and sustaining tumor growth.
-
Penetrance estimates for BRCA1 and BRCA2 based on genetic testing in a Clinical Cancer Genetics service setting: risks of breast/ovarian cancer quoted should reflect the cancer burden in the family.Evans, D Gareth R; Shenton, Andrew; Woodward, Emma; Lalloo, Fiona; Howell, Anthony; Maher, Eamonn R; Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Regional Genetics Service, St Mary's Hospital Manchester M13 0JH, UK. gareth.evans@cmmc.nhs.uk (2008)BACKGROUND: The identification of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in familial breast cancer kindreds allows genetic testing of at risk relatives. However, considerable controversy exists regarding the cancer risks in women who test positive for the family mutation. METHODS: We reviewed 385 unrelated families (223 with BRCA1 and 162 with BRCA2 mutations) ascertained through two regional cancer genetics services. We estimated the penetrance for both breast and ovarian cancer in female mutation carriers (904 proven mutation carriers - 1442 females in total assumed to carry the mutation) and also assessed the effect on penetrance of mutation position and birth cohort. RESULTS: Breast cancer penetrance to 70 and to 80 years was 68% (95%CI 64.7-71.3%) and 79.5% (95%CI 75.5-83.5%) respectively for BRCA1 and 75% (95%CI 71.7-78.3%) and 88% (95%CI 85.3-91.7%) for BRCA2. Ovarian cancer risk to 70 and to 80 years was 60% (95%CI 65-71%) and 65% (95%CI 75-84%) for BRCA1 and 30% (95%CI 25.5-34.5%) and 37% (95%CI 31.5-42.5%) for BRCA2. These risks were borne out by a prospective study of cancer in the families and genetic testing of unaffected relatives. We also found evidence of a strong cohort effect with women born after 1940 having a cumulative risk of 22% for breast cancer by 40 years of age compared to 8% in women born before 1930 (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: In high-risk families, selected in a genetics service setting, women who test positive for the familial BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation are likely to have cumulative breast cancer risks in keeping with the estimates obtained originally from large families. This is particularly true for women born after 1940.