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    Steroid receptors and cell cycle in normal mammary epithelium.

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    Authors
    Anderson, Elizabeth
    Clarke, Robert B
    Affiliation
    Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. eanderson@picr.man.ac.uk
    Issue Date
    2004-01
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    The ovarian steroids estrogen and progesterone (E(2) and P) are essential for normal mammary gland growth and development; however, the mechanisms by which they influence the proliferative activity of the mammary epithelium remain unclear. Mammary epithelial cells cells expressing the receptors for E(2) and P (ER and PR respectively) are separate from, although often adjacent to, those capable of proliferating, implying that the ovarian steroids act indirectly via paracrine or juxtacrine growth factors to stimulate entry into the cell cycle. A large number of candidate factors have been identified in a variety of different experimental systems, and it appears that transforming growth factor beta may play a role in preventing proliferation of steroid receptor-containing cells. Dysregulation of the strict inverse relationship between ERalpha expression and proliferation is detectable in premalignant human breast lesions, indicating that it might be essential to the tumorigenic process. Challenges for the future include determining which of the candidates identified as being mediators of the effects of E(2) are physiologically and clinically relevant as well as finding out how ERalpha-containing cells become proliferative during tumorigenesis. Answering these questions could greatly increase our understanding of the factors controlling mammary gland development and the processes leading to cancer formation.
    Citation
    Steroid receptors and cell cycle in normal mammary epithelium. 2004, 9 (1):3-13 J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia
    Journal
    Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/78366
    DOI
    10.1023/B:JOMG.0000023584.01750.16
    PubMed ID
    15082914
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1083-3021
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1023/B:JOMG.0000023584.01750.16
    Scopus Count
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    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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