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    Molecular imaging of antiangiogenic agents.

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    Authors
    Rehman, Shazza
    Jayson, Gordon C
    Affiliation
    Cancer Research UK, Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom. Shazza.Rehman@christie-tr.nwest.nhs.uk
    Issue Date
    2005-02
    
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    Abstract
    Many novel antiangiogenic agents are currently in various phases of clinical testing. These agents tend to be cytostatic, and therefore few responses are observed with conventional imaging by computerized tomography. Furthermore, toxicity with these agents is seen when the maximum-tolerated dose is combined with chemotherapy. Hence, there is a need to develop imaging strategies that can determine the minimum and optimum biologically active doses.There is increasing awareness of the need to obtain evidence of drug activity through the use of surrogate markers of the biologic mechanism of action during early clinical trials, in addition to determining the pharmacokinetics, toxicity profile, and maximum-tolerated dose. One of the major impediments to the rapid development of antiangiogenic agents in the past has been the lack of validated assays capable of measuring an antiangiogenic effect directly in patients. Recently, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has emerged as a useful technique for noninvasive imaging of tumor vasculature in preclinical and clinical models.The problem of tumor heterogeneity remains to be addressed. The major challenge is the standardization of the technique worldwide for the purpose of early clinical studies that are likely to be multicenter. Convincing data on correlations between changes observed through molecular imaging and changes in tumor angiogenesis, and hence tumor biology, are still lacking. Whether this would translate into a survival advantage remains to be seen.The ultimate test of the surrogate biological end points determined by molecular imaging will occur in randomized phase III trials. Results of the first randomized trial that showed a survival advantage in favor of antiangiogenic agents were released at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting in 2003. There it was reported that the combination of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (Camptosar; Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; New York, NY) with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody (bevacizumab-Avastin; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco, CA) was superior to the chemotherapy regimen alone when used to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, until further phase III clinical trials confirm these results, surrogate end points of clinical efficacy of the newer agents are urgently needed so that development of ineffective drugs can be halted early. This review briefly discusses the role of molecular imaging in general, and DCE-MRI in particular, in relation to treatment with antiangiogenic agents and highlights some of the difficulties encountered in this area.
    Citation
    Molecular imaging of antiangiogenic agents. 2005, 10 (2):92-103 Oncologist
    Journal
    The Oncologist
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/74855
    DOI
    10.1634/theoncologist.10-2-92
    PubMed ID
    15709211
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1083-7159
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1634/theoncologist.10-2-92
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