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dc.contributor.authorClarke, Robert B
dc.date.accessioned2009-07-07T11:07:47Z
dc.date.available2009-07-07T11:07:47Z
dc.date.issued2006-07-20
dc.identifier.citationOvarian steroids and the human breast: regulation of stem cells and cell proliferation. 2006, 54 (4):327-34 Maturitasen
dc.identifier.issn0378-5122
dc.identifier.pmid16806749
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.06.002
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10541/72733
dc.description.abstractOvarian steroidal control of mammary gland proliferation and differentiation is not well defined in the human. We therefore developed the athymic nude mouse model in which intact normal human breast tissue is xenografted subcutaneously and treated with human physiological serum levels of oestrogen (E) and/or progesterone (P). We showed that: (i) E, and not P, is the major steroid hormone inducing proliferation of epithelial cells in the adult non-pregnant, non-lactating breast; (ii) E induces progesterone receptor (PR) expression; and (iii) PR expression is maximally induced at low E concentrations while a higher amount of E was required to induce proliferation. Using double label immuno-fluorescence, we demonstrated that cells expressing the oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) invariably contained the PR but that steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation (Ki67 antigen) were dissociated. Recently, we have demonstrated that some ER alpha/PR-positive epithelial cells are quiescent breast stem cells suggesting that they act as "steroid hormone sensors" that secrete paracrine factors to regulate the proliferative activity of adjacent ER alpha/PR-negative epithelial cells. The dissociation between steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation in normal epithelium was lost at an early stage in ER alpha/PR-positive breast tumour formation perhaps indicating that they arise from deregulation of the normally quiescent breast stem cells.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.subjectOestrogensen
dc.subject.meshAdult Stem Cells
dc.subject.meshAnimals
dc.subject.meshBreast
dc.subject.meshCell Proliferation
dc.subject.meshEpithelial Cells
dc.subject.meshEstrogens
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMice
dc.subject.meshMice, Nude
dc.subject.meshModels, Animal
dc.subject.meshOvary
dc.subject.meshProgesterone
dc.subject.meshReceptors, Steroid
dc.subject.meshTransplantation, Heterologous
dc.titleOvarian steroids and the human breast: regulation of stem cells and cell proliferation.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.contributor.departmentBreast Biology Group, CR-UK Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK. rclarke@picr.man.ac.uken
dc.identifier.journalMaturitasen
html.description.abstractOvarian steroidal control of mammary gland proliferation and differentiation is not well defined in the human. We therefore developed the athymic nude mouse model in which intact normal human breast tissue is xenografted subcutaneously and treated with human physiological serum levels of oestrogen (E) and/or progesterone (P). We showed that: (i) E, and not P, is the major steroid hormone inducing proliferation of epithelial cells in the adult non-pregnant, non-lactating breast; (ii) E induces progesterone receptor (PR) expression; and (iii) PR expression is maximally induced at low E concentrations while a higher amount of E was required to induce proliferation. Using double label immuno-fluorescence, we demonstrated that cells expressing the oestrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) invariably contained the PR but that steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation (Ki67 antigen) were dissociated. Recently, we have demonstrated that some ER alpha/PR-positive epithelial cells are quiescent breast stem cells suggesting that they act as "steroid hormone sensors" that secrete paracrine factors to regulate the proliferative activity of adjacent ER alpha/PR-negative epithelial cells. The dissociation between steroid receptor expression and cell proliferation in normal epithelium was lost at an early stage in ER alpha/PR-positive breast tumour formation perhaps indicating that they arise from deregulation of the normally quiescent breast stem cells.


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