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    Alkyltransferase-like proteins.

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    Authors
    Margison, Geoffrey P
    Butt, Amna
    Pearson, Steven J
    Wharton, Stephen
    Watson, Amanda J
    Marriott, Andrew S
    Caetano, Cátia M P F
    Hollins, Jeffrey J
    Rukazenkova, Natalia
    Begum, Ghazala
    Santibanez-Koref, Mauro F
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    Affiliation
    Cancer Research-UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom. gmargison@picr.man.ac.uk
    Issue Date
    2007-08-01
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Recent in silico analysis has revealed the presence of a group of proteins in pro and lower eukaryotes, but not in Man, that show extensive amino acid sequence similarity to known O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases, but where the cysteine at the putative active site is replaced by another residue, usually tryptophan. Here we review recent work on these proteins, which we designate as alkyltransferase-like (ATL) proteins, and consider their mechanism of action and role in protecting the host organisms against the biological effects of O(6)-alkylating agents, and their evolution. ATL proteins from Escherichia coli (eAtl, transcribed from the ybaz open reading frame) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Atl1) are able to bind to a range of O(6)-alkylguanine residues in DNA and to reversibly inhibit the action of the human alkyltransferase (MGMT) upon these substrates. Isolated proteins were not able to remove the methyl group in O(6)-methylguanine-containing DNA or oligonucleotides, neither did they display glycosylase or endonuclease activity. S. pombe does not contain a functional alkyltransferase and atl1 inactivation sensitises this organism to a variety of alkylating agents, suggesting that Atl1 acts by binding to O(6)-alkylguanine lesions and signalling them for processing by other DNA repair pathways. Currently we cannot exclude the possibility that ATL proteins arose through independent mutation of the alkyltransferase gene in different organisms. However, analyses of the proteins from E. coli and S. pombe, are consistent with a common function.
    Citation
    Alkyltransferase-like proteins. 2007, 6 (8):1222-8 DNA Repair
    Journal
    DNA Repair
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/70330
    DOI
    10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.03.014
    PubMed ID
    17500045
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1568-7864
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.03.014
    Scopus Count
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    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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