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    Immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer: current status and strategies for improving efficacy.

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    Authors
    Elkord, Eyad
    Hawkins, Robert E
    Stern, Peter L
    Affiliation
    University of Manchester, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK. eelkord@picr.man.ac.uk
    Issue Date
    2008-04
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Despite improvement in conventional strategies for treating gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma, large numbers of patients still suffer from incurable or progressive disease. OBJECTIVE: Here we consider the prospects for circumventing limitations and maximising the efficacy of different immunotherapies. Methods: We summarise different cancer vaccines and targeted drugs and highlight the scientific rationale of using immunotherapy for targeting GI cancers, in addition to the potential strategies for improving immunotherapeutic efficacy. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: Many cancer vaccines and antibody-directed therapies have been tested in early phase clinical trials and demonstrated proof of concept and safety. As yet few have been properly evaluated for clinical efficacy; although adoptive transfer of tumour-associated-antigen-specific T cells has shown dramatic clinical responses in some patients. The recognition of a role for T regulatory cells in limiting anti-tumour immunity has provided momentum for developing strategies to over-ride such immunoinhibitory effects. There is some evidence that conventional therapies may work by influencing these negative factors and allowing expression of immune control mechanisms. An important developing area for clinical evaluation is the testing of combined conventional and immunotherapeutic modalities which may provide for synergy; thereby circumventing the limitations of individualised treatments and generating additional clinical benefits.
    Citation
    Immunotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer: current status and strategies for improving efficacy. 2008, 8 (4):385-95 Expert Opin Biol Ther
    Journal
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/66174
    DOI
    10.1517/14712598.8.4.385
    PubMed ID
    18352844
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1744-7682
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1517/14712598.8.4.385
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research
    Medical Oncology

    entitlement

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