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    Development and validation of prognostic models for anal cancer outcomes using distributed learning: protocol for the international multi-centre atomCAT2 study

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    Authors
    Theophanous, S.
    Lønne, P. I.
    Choudhury, Ananya
    Berbee, M.
    Dekker, A.
    Dennis, K.
    Dewdney, A.
    Gambacorta, M. A.
    Gilbert, A.
    Guren, M. G.
    Holloway, L.
    Jadon, R.
    Kochhar, Rohit
    Mohamed, A. A.
    Muirhead, R.
    Parés, O.
    Raszewski, L.
    Roy, R.
    Scarsbrook, A.
    Sebag-Montefiore, D.
    Spezi, E.
    Spindler, K. G.
    van Triest, B.
    Vassiliou, V.
    Malinen, E.
    Wee, L.
    Appelt, A. L.
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    Affiliation
    Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
    Issue Date
    2022
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Background: Anal cancer is a rare cancer with rising incidence. Despite the relatively good outcomes conferred by state-of-the-art chemoradiotherapy, further improving disease control and reducing toxicity has proven challenging. Developing and validating prognostic models using routinely collected data may provide new insights for treatment development and selection. However, due to the rarity of the cancer, it can be difficult to obtain sufficient data, especially from single centres, to develop and validate robust models. Moreover, multi-centre model development is hampered by ethical barriers and data protection regulations that often limit accessibility to patient data. Distributed (or federated) learning allows models to be developed using data from multiple centres without any individual-level patient data leaving the originating centre, therefore preserving patient data privacy. This work builds on the proof-of-concept three-centre atomCAT1 study and describes the protocol for the multi-centre atomCAT2 study, which aims to develop and validate robust prognostic models for three clinically important outcomes in anal cancer following chemoradiotherapy. Methods: This is a retrospective multi-centre cohort study, investigating overall survival, locoregional control and freedom from distant metastasis after primary chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma. Patient data will be extracted and organised at each participating radiotherapy centre (n = 18). Candidate prognostic factors have been identified through literature review and expert opinion. Summary statistics will be calculated and exchanged between centres prior to modelling. The primary analysis will involve developing and validating Cox proportional hazards models across centres for each outcome through distributed learning. Outcomes at specific timepoints of interest and factor effect estimates will be reported, allowing for outcome prediction for future patients. Discussion: The atomCAT2 study will analyse one of the largest available cross-institutional cohorts of patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. The analysis aims to provide information on current international clinical practice outcomes and may aid the personalisation and design of future anal cancer clinical trials through contributing to a better understanding of patient risk stratification.
    Citation
    Theophanous S, Lønne PI, Choudhury A, Berbee M, Dekker A, Dennis K, et al. Development and validation of prognostic models for anal cancer outcomes using distributed learning: protocol for the international multi-centre atomCAT2 study. Diagnostic and prognostic research. 2022 Aug 4;6(1):14. PubMed PMID: 35922837. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC9351222. Epub 2022/08/04. eng.
    Journal
    Diagnostic and Prognostic Research
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/625548
    DOI
    10.1186/s41512-022-00128-8
    PubMed ID
    35922837
    Additional Links
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41512-022-00128-8
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s41512-022-00128-8
    Scopus Count
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