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    Diagnosis and treatment of nail melanoma: a review of the clinicopathologic, dermoscopic, and genetic characteristics

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    Authors
    Darmawan, C. C.
    Ohn, J.
    Mun, J. H.
    Kim, S.
    Lim, Y.
    Jo, S. J.
    Kim, Y. G.
    Kim, B.
    Seong, M. W.
    Kim, B. J.
    Lee, C.
    Kwak, Y.
    Chung, H. J.
    Viros, A.
    Lee, D. Y.
    Show allShow less
    Issue Date
    2022
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Nail melanoma (NM) is an important differential diagnosis in patients with longitudinal melanonychia. However, diagnosis is often challenging as it is difficult to differentiate from other pigmented nail disorders. The main challenge for diagnosis is obtaining adequate nail matrix biopsy specimens for histopathological assessment. Furthermore, the histopathological changes in the early stages of NM are subtle and contribute to a delay in diagnosis and care. Therefore, the integration of clinical and histopathological analyses is essential. Clinical and dermoscopic features, such as a broadened width of asymmetric bands in an irregular pattern, with multicolour pigmentation, periungual pigmentation, and continuous growth, are features that support the diagnosis of NM. The essential histological features that must be assessed are cellular morphology, architectural features, melanocyte density, and inflammatory changes. The reported mutations in NMs were BRAF (0–43%), NRAS (0–31%), KIT (0–50%), NF1 (0–50%), and GNAQ (0–25%). Surgery is the primary treatment for NM. The recommended treatment for in situ or minimally invasive NM is functional surgery, but cases with suspected bone invasion should be treated with amputation. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are indicated for advanced stages of NM. This review summarizes the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NM.
    Citation
    Darmawan CC, Ohn J, Mun J ‐H., Kim S, Lim Y, Jo SJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of nail melanoma: a review of the clinicopathologic, dermoscopic, and genetic characteristics [Internet]. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Wiley; 2022.
    Journal
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/625136
    DOI
    10.1111/jdv.17975
    Additional Links
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17975
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/jdv.17975
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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