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    Immune checkpoint inhibitors: recent progress and potential biomarkers

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    Authors
    Darvin, P
    Toor, SM
    Sasidharan, N
    Elkord, Eyad
    Affiliation
    Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
    Issue Date
    2018
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Cancer growth and progression are associated with immune suppression. Cancer cells have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions. Monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoints provided an immense breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. Among the immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors showed promising therapeutic outcomes, and some have been approved for certain cancer treatments, while others are under clinical trials. Recent reports have shown that patients with various malignancies benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. However, mainstream initiation of immune checkpoint therapy to treat cancers is obstructed by the low response rate and immune-related adverse events in some cancer patients. This has given rise to the need for developing sets of biomarkers that predict the response to immune checkpoint blockade and immune-related adverse events. In this review, we discuss different predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors, including immune cells, PD-L1 overexpression, neoantigens, and genetic and epigenetic signatures. Potential approaches for further developing highly reliable predictive biomarkers should facilitate patient selection for and decision-making related to immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies.
    Citation
    Darvin P, Toor SM, Sasidharan NV, Elkord E. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: recent progress and potential biomarkers. Exp Mol Med. 2018 Dec 13;50(12):165.
    Journal
    Experimental and Molecular Medicine
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/621493
    DOI
    10.1038/s12276-018-0191-1
    PubMed ID
    30546008
    Additional Links
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s12276-018-0191-1
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/s12276-018-0191-1
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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