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    Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a 'super-scanner': 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI

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    Authors
    Jones, DK
    Alexander, DC
    Bowtell, R
    Cercignani, M
    Dell'Acqua, F
    McHugh, Damien J
    Miller, KL
    Palombo, M
    Parker, Geoff J M
    Rudrapatna, US
    Tax, CMW
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    Affiliation
    Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff
    Issue Date
    2018
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    The key component of a microstructural diffusion MRI 'super-scanner' is a dedicated high-strength gradient system that enables stronger diffusion weightings per unit time compared to conventional gradient designs. This can, in turn, drastically shorten the time needed for diffusion encoding, increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitate measurements at shorter diffusion times. This review, written from the perspective of the UK National Facility for In Vivo MR Imaging of Human Tissue Microstructure, an initiative to establish a shared 300 mT/m-gradient facility amongst the microstructural imaging community, describes ten advantages of ultra-strong gradients for microstructural imaging. Specifically, we will discuss how the increase of the accessible measurement space compared to a lower-gradient systems (in terms of ?, b-value, and TE) can accelerate developments in the areas of 1) axon diameter distribution mapping; 2) microstructural parameter estimation; 3) mapping micro-vs macroscopic anisotropy features with gradient waveforms beyond a single pair of pulsed-gradients; 4) multi-contrast experiments, e.g. diffusion-relaxometry; 5) tractography and high-resolution imaging in vivo and 6) post mortem; 7) diffusion-weighted spectroscopy of metabolites other than water; 8) tumour characterisation; 9) functional diffusion MRI; and 10) quality enhancement of images acquired on lower-gradient systems. We finally discuss practical barriers in the use of ultra-strong gradients, and provide an outlook on the next generation of 'super-scanners'.
    Citation
    Jones DK, Alexander DC, Bowtell R, Cercignani M, Dell'Acqua F, McHugh DJ, et al. Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a �super-scanner�: 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI. NeuroImage. 2018 Nov;182:8�38.
    Journal
    Neuroimage
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/621369
    DOI
    10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.047
    PubMed ID
    29793061
    Additional Links
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.047
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.047
    Scopus Count
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    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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