The clinical efficacy of first-generation carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)-specific CAR T cells is limited by poor persistence and transient pre-conditioning-dependent respiratory toxicity.
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Authors
Thistlethwaite, Fiona CGilham, David E
Guest, Ryan D
Rothwell, Dominic G
Pillai, Manon
Burt, Deborah J
Byatte, Andrea J
Kirillova, Natalia
Valle, Juan W
Sharma, S
Chester, K
Westwood, N
Halford, S
Nabarro, S
Wan, S
Austin, E
Hawkins, Robert E
Affiliation
Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BXIssue Date
2017-06-28
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The primary aim of this clinical trial was to determine the feasibility of delivering first-generation CAR T cell therapy to patients with advanced, CEACAM5(+) malignancy. Secondary aims were to assess clinical efficacy, immune effector function and optimal dose of CAR T cells. Three cohorts of patients received increasing doses of CEACAM5(+)-specific CAR T cells after fludarabine pre-conditioning plus systemic IL2 support post T cell infusion. Patients in cohort 4 received increased intensity pre-conditioning (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), systemic IL2 support and CAR T cells. No objective clinical responses were observed. CAR T cell engraftment in patients within cohort 4 was significantly higher. However, engraftment was short-lived with a rapid decline of systemic CAR T cells within 14 days. Patients in cohort 4 had transient, acute respiratory toxicity which, in combination with lack of prolonged CAR T cell persistence, resulted in the premature closure of the trial. Elevated levels of systemic IFNγ and IL-6 implied that the CEACAM5-specific T cells had undergone immune activation in vivo but only in patients receiving high-intensity pre-conditioning. Expression of CEACAM5 on lung epithelium may have resulted in this transient toxicity. Raised levels of serum cytokines including IL-6 in these patients implicate cytokine release as one of several potential factors exacerbating the observed respiratory toxicity. Whilst improved CAR designs and T cell production methods could improve the systemic persistence and activity, methods to control CAR T 'on-target, off-tissue' toxicity are required to enable a clinical impact of this approach in solid malignancies.Citation
The clinical efficacy of first-generation carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM5)-specific CAR T cells is limited by poor persistence and transient pre-conditioning-dependent respiratory toxicity. 2017 Cancer Immunol ImmunotherJournal
Cancer Immunology, ImmunotherapyDOI
10.1007/s00262-017-2034-7PubMed ID
28660319Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1432-0851ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1007/s00262-017-2034-7