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    High mitochondrial mass identifies a sub-population of stem-like cancer cells that are chemo-resistant.

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    Authors
    Farnie, Gillian
    Sotgia, Federica
    Lisanti, Michael P
    Affiliation
    Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester,
    Issue Date
    2015-10-13
    
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Chemo-resistance is a clinical barrier to more effective anti-cancer therapy. In this context, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are thought to be chemo-resistant, resulting in tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Our hypothesis is that chemo-resistance in CSCs is driven, in part, by enhanced mitochondrial function. Here, we used breast cell lines and metastatic breast cancer patient samples to begin to dissect the role of mitochondrial metabolism in conferring the CSC phenotype. More specifically, we employed fluorescent staining with MitoTracker (MT) to metabolically fractionate these cell lines into mito-high and mito-low sub-populations, by flow-cytometry. Interestingly, cells with high mitochondrial mass (mito-high) were specifically enriched in a number of known CSC markers, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and they were ESA+/CD24-/low and formed mammospheres with higher efficiency. Large cell size is another independent characteristic of the stem cell phenotype; here, we observed a >2-fold increase in mitochondrial mass in large cells (>12-μm), relative to the smaller cell population (4-8-μm). Moreover, the mito-high cell population showed a 2.4-fold enrichment in tumor-initiating cell activity, based on limiting dilution assays in murine xenografts. Importantly, primary human breast CSCs isolated from patients with metastatic breast cancer or a patient derived xenograft (PDX) also showed the co-enrichment of ALDH activity and mitochondrial mass. Most significantly, our investigations demonstrated that mito-high cells were resistant to paclitaxel, resulting in little or no DNA damage, as measured using the comet assay. In summary, increased mitochondrial mass in a sub-population of breast cancer cells confers a stem-like phenotype and chemo-resistance. As such, our current findings have important clinical implications for over-coming drug resistance, by therapeutically targeting the mito-high CSC population.
    Citation
    High mitochondrial mass identifies a sub-population of stem-like cancer cells that are chemo-resistant. 2015, 6 (31):30472-86 Oncotarget
    Journal
    Oncotarget
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10541/592956
    DOI
    10.18632/oncotarget.5401
    PubMed ID
    26421710
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    ISSN
    1949-2553
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.18632/oncotarget.5401
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    All Paterson Institute for Cancer Research

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