Management of hyponatraemia.

Abstract

Hyponatraemia (serum sodium level < 135 mmol/litre) is the most common electrolyte abnormality among hospitalized patients. A prevalence rate as high as 15-30% has been reported among patients admitted to acute and intensive care units (Hoorn et al, 2004; Jaber et al, 2006). Evidence suggests an increase in mortality associated with even a mild degree of hyponatraemia (Waikar et al, 2009). Besides its significance as a potential cause of morbidity and mortality, hyponatraemia could also serve as a useful indicator for undiagnosed underlying pathology such as endocrine disorders or malignancy. A systematic approach towards the clinical assessment and interpretation of biochemical abnormalities is vital to facilitate the diagnosis and management of hyponatraemia. The optimal treatment of hyponatraemia should take into account its severity, duration and mode of clinical presentation. Overzealous correction could result in irreversible neurological complications.