Lysine and arginine side chains in glycosaminoglycan-protein complexes investigated by NMR, cross-linking, and mass spectrometry: a case study of the factor H-heparin interaction.
Authors
Blaum, Bärbel SDeakin, Jon A
Johansson, Conny M
Herbert, Andrew P
Barlow, Paul N
Lyon, Malcolm
Uhrín, Dusan
Affiliation
Edinburgh Biomolecular NMR Unit, School of Chemistry and School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, United Kingdom.Issue Date
2010-05-12
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We have used the interaction between module 7 of complement factor H (CFH approximately 7) and a fully sulfated heparin tetrasaccharide to exemplify a new approach for studying contributions of basic side chains to the formation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein complexes. We first employed HISQC and H(2)CN NMR experiments to monitor the side-chain resonances of lysines and arginines in (15)N, (13)C-labeled protein during titrations with a fully sulfated heparin tetrasaccharide under physiological conditions. Under identical conditions and using (15)N-labeled protein, we then cross-linked tetrasaccharide to CFH approximately 7 and confirmed the 1:1 stoichiometry by FT-ICR-MS. We subsequently characterized this covalent protein-GAG conjugate by NMR and further MS techniques. MALDI-TOF MS identified protein fragments obtained via trypsin digestion or chemical fragmentation, yielding information concerning the site of GAG attachment. Combining MS and NMR data allowed us to identify the side chain of K405 as the point of attachment of the cross-linked heparin oligosaccharide to CFH approximately 7. On the basis of the analysis of NMR and MS data of the noncovalent and cross-linked CFH approximately 7-tetrasaccharide complexes, we conclude that the K446 side chain is not essential for binding the tetrasaccharide, despite the large chemical shift perturbations of its backbone amide (15)N and (1)H resonances during titrations. We show that R444 provides the most important charge-charge interaction within a C-terminal heparin-binding subsite of CFH approximately 7 whereas side chains of R404, K405, and K388 are the predominant contributors to an N-terminal binding subsite located in the immediate vicinity of residue 402, which is implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Citation
Lysine and arginine side chains in glycosaminoglycan-protein complexes investigated by NMR, cross-linking, and mass spectrometry: a case study of the factor H-heparin interaction. 2010, 132 (18):6374-81 J Am Chem SocJournal
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI
10.1021/ja1000517PubMed ID
20394361Type
ArticleLanguage
enISSN
1520-5126ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1021/ja1000517
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