The pro-apoptotic proteins, Bid and Bax, cause a limited permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane that is enhanced by cytosol.
Kluck, Ruth M Esposti, Mauro Dogli Perkins, Guy Renken, Christian Kuwana, Tomomi Bossy-Wetzel, Ella Goldberg, Martin W Allen, Terence D Barber, Michael J Green, Douglas R
Kluck, Ruth M
Esposti, Mauro Dogli
Perkins, Guy
Renken, Christian
Kuwana, Tomomi
Bossy-Wetzel, Ella
Goldberg, Martin W
Allen, Terence D
Barber, Michael J
Green, Douglas R
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Abstract
During apoptosis, an important pathway leading to caspase activation involves the release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. Using a cell-free system based on Xenopus egg extracts, we examined changes in the outer mitochondrial membrane accompanying cytochrome c efflux. The pro-apoptotic proteins, Bid and Bax, as well as factors present in Xenopus egg cytosol, each induced cytochrome c release when incubated with isolated mitochondria. These factors caused a permeabilization of the outer membrane that allowed the corelease of multiple intermembrane space proteins: cytochrome c, adenylate kinase and sulfite oxidase. The efflux process is thus nonspecific. None of the cytochrome c-releasing factors caused detectable mitochondrial swelling, arguing that matrix swelling is not required for outer membrane permeability in this system. Bid and Bax caused complete release of cytochrome c but only a limited permeabilization of the outer membrane, as measured by the accessibility of inner membrane-associated respiratory complexes III and IV to exogenously added cytochrome c. However, outer membrane permeability was strikingly increased by a macromolecular cytosolic factor, termed PEF (permeability enhancing factor). We hypothesize that PEF activity could help determine whether cells can recover from mitochondrial cytochrome c release.
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1999-11-15
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The pro-apoptotic proteins, Bid and Bax, cause a limited permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane that is enhanced by cytosol. 1999, 147 (4):809-22 J. Cell Biol.