Preclinical evaluation of the pharmacodynamic properties of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone.
Ward, Timothy H Danson, Sarah McGown, Alan T Ranson, Malcolm R Coe, Nic A Cummings, Jeffrey Hargreaves, Robert H J Butler, John
Ward, Timothy H
Danson, Sarah
McGown, Alan T
Ranson, Malcolm R
Coe, Nic A
Cummings, Jeffrey
Hargreaves, Robert H J
Butler, John
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Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to investigate the cellular accumulation, DNA cross-linking ability, and cellular toxicity of RH1 (2,5-diaziridinyl-3-[hydroxymethyl[-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a novel DNA alkylating agent currently in clinical trials. In addition, the in vivo efficacy of RH1 formulated in different vehicles was also compared. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: RH1 is activated by the two-electron reducing enzyme NQO1 [NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase] forming a potent cytotoxic agent that cross-links DNA. We have used whole blood, cell lines, and primary explanted tumor cultures to measure both the cellular accumulation, DNA cross-linking, and cytotoxicity of RH1. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of RH1 formulated in different vehicles were measured in vivo using the validated comet-X assay in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. RESULTS: Accumulation of RH1 was shown to be both time and concentration dependent, reaching a maximum after 2 hours and correlated well with DNA cross-linking measurements. DNA cross-linking in vitro could be detected at low (1-10 nmol/L) concentrations after as little as 2 hours exposure. In primary tumor cultures, RH1 induces much higher levels of DNA cross-links at lower doses than either mitomycin C or cisplatin. In vivo efficacy testing using polyvinyl pyrrolidone, saline, or cyclodextrin as vehicles showed DNA cross-links readily detectable in all tissues examined and was enhanced when given in cyclodextrin compared with polyvinyl pyrrolidone or saline. CONCLUSIONS: RH1 represents a potent bioreductive anticancer drug, which may prove effective in the treatment of cancers, particularly those that overexpress NQO1. DNA cross-linking can be reliably measured in tissue using the validated comet-X assay.
Description
Date
2005-04-01
Publisher
Keywords
Cell Line Tumour
Type
Article
Citation
Preclinical evaluation of the pharmacodynamic properties of 2,5-diaziridinyl-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. 2005, 11 (7):2695-701 Clin. Cancer Res.